STM32 自学笔记 05

#本章介绍STM32的ADC外设首先看下MCU的型号 STM32F072C8T6介绍资源如下图作者选择这颗芯片是因为 该芯片不仅有基本的 SPI I2C UART 还有CAN USB 这些通讯方式------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------在介绍ADC之前我们先看下这颗MCU的Memory Map相比较与STMF32F1 F3 F7这些单片机来说STM32F0的Memory Map就简陋好多。But 麻雀虽小 五脏俱全。好的可以看到外设基地址是 0X4000 0000然后按照RM0091手册我们可以看到 ADC外设的ADC位于APB总线 其地址范围是 0X4001 2400 到 0x400127FF 占用1KB接下来介绍下ADC的基本情况1、ADC位数 12bit 10个外部通道-至外部GPIO 和 内部3个通道 如 内部温度传感器其它略好的接下来看代码部分/* USER CODE BEGIN Header *//********************************************************************************* file adc.c* brief This file provides code for the configuration* of the ADC instances.******************************************************************************* attention** Copyright (c) 2026 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************//* USER CODE END Header *//* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/#include adc.h/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 */ADC_HandleTypeDef hadc;DMA_HandleTypeDef hdma_adc;/* ADC init function */void MX_ADC_Init(void){/* USER CODE BEGIN ADC_Init 0 *//* USER CODE END ADC_Init 0 */ADC_ChannelConfTypeDef sConfig {0};/* USER CODE BEGIN ADC_Init 1 *//* USER CODE END ADC_Init 1 *//** Configure the global features of the ADC (Clock, Resolution, Data Alignment and number of conversion)*/hadc.Instance ADC1;hadc.Init.ClockPrescaler ADC_CLOCK_SYNC_PCLK_DIV4;hadc.Init.Resolution ADC_RESOLUTION_12B;hadc.Init.DataAlign ADC_DATAALIGN_RIGHT;hadc.Init.ScanConvMode ADC_SCAN_DIRECTION_FORWARD;hadc.Init.EOCSelection ADC_EOC_SINGLE_CONV;hadc.Init.LowPowerAutoWait DISABLE;hadc.Init.LowPowerAutoPowerOff DISABLE;hadc.Init.ContinuousConvMode DISABLE;hadc.Init.DiscontinuousConvMode DISABLE;hadc.Init.ExternalTrigConv ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONV_T3_TRGO;hadc.Init.ExternalTrigConvEdge ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONVEDGE_RISING;hadc.Init.DMAContinuousRequests ENABLE;hadc.Init.Overrun ADC_OVR_DATA_PRESERVED;if (HAL_ADC_Init(hadc) ! HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Configure for the selected ADC regular channel to be converted.*/sConfig.Channel ADC_CHANNEL_2;sConfig.Rank ADC_RANK_CHANNEL_NUMBER;sConfig.SamplingTime ADC_SAMPLETIME_28CYCLES_5;if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(hadc, sConfig) ! HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Configure for the selected ADC regular channel to be converted.*/sConfig.Channel ADC_CHANNEL_3;if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(hadc, sConfig) ! HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/* USER CODE BEGIN ADC_Init 2 *//* USER CODE END ADC_Init 2 */}void HAL_ADC_MspInit(ADC_HandleTypeDef* adcHandle){GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct {0};if(adcHandle-InstanceADC1){/* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_MspInit 0 *//* USER CODE END ADC1_MspInit 0 *//* ADC1 clock enable */__HAL_RCC_ADC1_CLK_ENABLE();__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();/**ADC GPIO ConfigurationPA2 ------ ADC_IN2PA3 ------ ADC_IN3*/GPIO_InitStruct.Pin GPIO_PIN_2|GPIO_PIN_3;GPIO_InitStruct.Mode GPIO_MODE_ANALOG;GPIO_InitStruct.Pull GPIO_NOPULL;HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOA, GPIO_InitStruct);/* ADC1 DMA Init *//* ADC Init */hdma_adc.Instance DMA1_Channel1;hdma_adc.Init.Direction DMA_PERIPH_TO_MEMORY;hdma_adc.Init.PeriphInc DMA_PINC_DISABLE;hdma_adc.Init.MemInc DMA_MINC_ENABLE;hdma_adc.Init.PeriphDataAlignment DMA_PDATAALIGN_HALFWORD;hdma_adc.Init.MemDataAlignment DMA_MDATAALIGN_HALFWORD;hdma_adc.Init.Mode DMA_NORMAL;hdma_adc.Init.Priority DMA_PRIORITY_LOW;if (HAL_DMA_Init(hdma_adc) ! HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}__HAL_LINKDMA(adcHandle,DMA_Handle,hdma_adc);/* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_MspInit 1 *//* USER CODE END ADC1_MspInit 1 */}}void HAL_ADC_MspDeInit(ADC_HandleTypeDef* adcHandle){if(adcHandle-InstanceADC1){/* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_MspDeInit 0 *//* USER CODE END ADC1_MspDeInit 0 *//* Peripheral clock disable */__HAL_RCC_ADC1_CLK_DISABLE();/**ADC GPIO ConfigurationPA2 ------ ADC_IN2PA3 ------ ADC_IN3*/HAL_GPIO_DeInit(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_2|GPIO_PIN_3);/* ADC1 DMA DeInit */HAL_DMA_DeInit(adcHandle-DMA_Handle);/* USER CODE BEGIN ADC1_MspDeInit 1 *//* USER CODE END ADC1_MspDeInit 1 */}}/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* USER CODE BEGIN Header *//********************************************************************************* file : main.c* brief : Main program body******************************************************************************* attention** Copyright (c) 2026 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************//* USER CODE END Header *//* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/#include main.h#include adc.h#include dma.h#include tim.h#include usb_device.h#include gpio.h/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN Includes *//* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */#include stdio.h#include string.h//#include usb.h#include usbd_cdc_if.h//#include app_adc.h/* USER CODE END Includes *//* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */// ---------- 配置参数 ----------#define ADC_BUF_SIZE 1024 // 总缓冲区大小偶数每?道占一半#define RING_BUF_SIZE 512 // 环形缓冲区容量存放float电压值对?#define SAMPLE_PER_CH (ADC_BUF_SIZE / 2) // 每?道样本?// ---------- 全局变量 ----------volatile uint16_t adc_buffer[ADC_BUF_SIZE]; // ADC DMA缓冲?float ring_buffer[RING_BUF_SIZE * 2]; // 环形缓冲区交错存储 I0,I1?volatile uint16_t ring_head 0; // 写指针DMA回调中?增?volatile uint16_t ring_tail 0; // 读指针主循环中递增?volatile uint16_t drop_count 0; // 溢出丢弃计数调试用?// ---------- 环形缓冲区操作函? ----------// 向环形缓冲区写入?对电压?I0, I1?static inline void ring_write(float v0, float v1) {uint16_t next (ring_head 2) % (RING_BUF_SIZE * 2);if (next ! ring_tail) { // 有空闲空?ring_buffer[ring_head] v0;ring_buffer[ring_head 1] v1;ring_head next;} else {drop_count; // 溢出丢弃}}// 从环形缓冲区批量读取?? max_pairs 对数据返回实际读取的对?static uint16_t ring_read_batch(float *out, uint16_t max_pairs) {uint16_t count 0;while (count max_pairs ring_tail ! ring_head) {out[count * 2] ring_buffer[ring_tail];out[count * 2 1] ring_buffer[ring_tail 1];ring_tail (ring_tail 2) % (RING_BUF_SIZE * 2);count;}return count;}// ---------- DMA半完成回调前半缓冲区就绪 ----------void HAL_ADC_ConvHalfCpltCallback(ADC_HandleTypeDef *hadc) {// 处理前半部分adc_buffer[0] ~ adc_buffer[SAMPLE_PER_CH-1]for (uint16_t i 0; i SAMPLE_PER_CH; i 2) {float v0 3.3f * adc_buffer[i] / 4095.0f;float v1 3.3f * adc_buffer[i 1] / 4095.0f;ring_write(v0, v1);}HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0); // 假设 PA0 ? LED}// ---------- DMA完成回调后半缓冲区就绪? ----------void HAL_ADC_ConvCpltCallback(ADC_HandleTypeDef *hadc) {// 处理后半部分adc_buffer[SAMPLE_PER_CH] ~ adc_buffer[ADC_BUF_SIZE-1]for (uint16_t i SAMPLE_PER_CH; i ADC_BUF_SIZE; i 2) {float v0 3.3f * adc_buffer[i] / 4095.0f;float v1 3.3f * adc_buffer[i 1] / 4095.0f;ring_write(v0, v1);}HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(GPIOA, GPIO_PIN_0); // 假设 PA0 ? LED}/* USER CODE END PTD *//* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PD *//* USER CODE END PD *//* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PM *//* USER CODE END PM *//* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN PV *//* USER CODE END PV *//* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/void SystemClock_Config(void);/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP *//* USER CODE END PFP *//* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*//* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *///volatile uint16_t adc_buffer[1024]; // 在全???????或局部加 volatileint __io_putchar(int ch) {// 带超时的轮询避免死????????????????uint32_t tickstart HAL_GetTick();while (CDC_Transmit_FS((uint8_t*) ch, 1) ! USBD_OK) {if ((HAL_GetTick() - tickstart) 100) // 超时 100ms{return ch; // 丢弃字符避免阻????????????????}}return ch;}uint8_t dmaCompeleteflag 0;//void HAL_ADC_ConvCpltCallback(ADC_HandleTypeDef *hadc) {// dmaCompeleteflag 1;//}/* USER CODE END 0 *//*** brief The application entry point.* retval int*/int main(void){/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 *//* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*//* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */HAL_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN Init *//* USER CODE END Init *//* Configure the system clock */SystemClock_Config();/* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit *//* USER CODE END SysInit *//* Initialize all configured peripherals */MX_GPIO_Init();MX_DMA_Init();MX_ADC_Init();MX_USB_DEVICE_Init();MX_TIM3_Init();/* USER CODE BEGIN 2 *///uint16_t adc_value;// uint16_t adc_buffer[2]; // 两个通道的数????????HAL_TIM_Base_Start(htim3);// 启动ADC DMA循环模式缓冲区大小 ADC_BUF_SIZE?HAL_ADC_Start_DMA(hadc, (uint32_t*) adc_buffer, ADC_BUF_SIZE);// HAL_ADC_Start_DMA(hadc,(uint32_t *) adc_buffer, 1024);/* USER CODE END 2 *//* Infinite loop *//* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */while (1) {/* USER CODE END WHILE *//* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */// HAL_ADC_Start(hadc);// uint32_t adc_value;// HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(hadc, 100);// adc_value HAL_ADC_GetValue(hadc);// printf(%d \n , adc_buffer[0]);// printf(%d \n , adc_buffer[1]);// ??????? ADC 原始值转换为电压值假设参?电??????? 3.3V???????12??????? ADC???????// float v0 3.3f * adc_buffer[0] / 4095.0f;// float v1 3.3f * adc_buffer[1] / 4095.0f;////// printf(%.3f,%.3f\n, v0, v1);// HAL_Delay(100); // 建议 100ms 左右发送频率过??????? VOFA 可能卡顿// if(dmaCompeleteflag)// {// dmaCompeleteflag0;// HAL_TIM_Base_Stop(htim3);// HAL_ADC_Stop_DMA(hadc);// float v0 3.3f * adc_buffer[0] / 4095.0f;// float v1 3.3f * adc_buffer[1] / 4095.0f;// // for(uint16_t i0;i1024;i2)// // {// printf(%.3f,%.3f\n, v0, v1);// // }// HAL_TIM_Base_Start(htim3);// HAL_ADC_Start_DMA(hadc,(uint32_t *) adc_buffer, 1024);/* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */// 主循环尽可能快地从环形缓冲区读取数据并发??float tx_buf[32 * 2]; // ?次最多发?32?uint16_t pairs ring_read_batch(tx_buf, 32);if (pairs 0) {// 二进制发送直接发?? float 数组VOFA ? RawData 协议解析CDC_Transmit_FS((uint8_t*) tx_buf, pairs * 2 * sizeof(float));}// 可?每隔?段时间打印丢弃计数用于调试?static uint32_t last_print 0;if (HAL_GetTick() - last_print 3000) {if (drop_count) {printf([WARN] Drop count: %u\n, drop_count);drop_count 0;}last_print HAL_GetTick();}///* USER CODE END 3 */}}/*** brief System Clock Configuration* retval None*/void SystemClock_Config(void){RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct {0};RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct {0};RCC_PeriphCLKInitTypeDef PeriphClkInit {0};/** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters* in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.*/RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI48;RCC_OscInitStruct.HSI48State RCC_HSI48_ON;RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState RCC_PLL_NONE;if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(RCC_OscInitStruct) ! HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks*/RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI48;RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider RCC_HCLK_DIV1;if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_1) ! HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}PeriphClkInit.PeriphClockSelection RCC_PERIPHCLK_USB;PeriphClkInit.UsbClockSelection RCC_USBCLKSOURCE_HSI48;if (HAL_RCCEx_PeriphCLKConfig(PeriphClkInit) ! HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}}/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 *//* USER CODE END 4 *//*** brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence.* retval None*/void Error_Handler(void){/* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug *//* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */__disable_irq();while (1) {}/* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */}#ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT/*** brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number* where the assert_param error has occurred.* param file: pointer to the source file name* param line: assert_param error line source number* retval None*/void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line){/* USER CODE BEGIN 6 *//* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,ex: printf(Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n, file, line) *//* USER CODE END 6 */}#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */我们先看adc.c部分先看cubeide中的outline简介adc.c引用了 adc.h头文件 然后 定义2个句柄 写了3个函数其中MX_ADC_Init 为ADC的初始化函数HAL_ADC_MspInit为ADC的初始化底层函数涉及GPIO 时钟等 HAL_ADC_MspDeInit为ADC的还原函数即关闭相关引脚的时钟 复用功能好的在初始化函数中可以看到定义了一个 通道配置的句柄然后配置了 ADC句柄的参数这里可以看下 hadc.Init.ExternalTrigConv ADC_EXTERNALTRIGCONV_T3_TRGO;ADC的外部触发方式如下代码使用了定时器3触发TRG3 下面是TIM.C文件/* USER CODE BEGIN Header *//********************************************************************************* file tim.c* brief This file provides code for the configuration* of the TIM instances.******************************************************************************* attention** Copyright (c) 2026 STMicroelectronics.* All rights reserved.** This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file* in the root directory of this software component.* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.********************************************************************************//* USER CODE END Header *//* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/#include tim.h/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 *//* USER CODE END 0 */TIM_HandleTypeDef htim3;/* TIM3 init function */void MX_TIM3_Init(void){/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM3_Init 0 *//* USER CODE END TIM3_Init 0 */TIM_ClockConfigTypeDef sClockSourceConfig {0};TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig {0};/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM3_Init 1 *//* USER CODE END TIM3_Init 1 */htim3.Instance TIM3;htim3.Init.Prescaler 47;htim3.Init.CounterMode TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;htim3.Init.Period 999;htim3.Init.ClockDivision TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;htim3.Init.AutoReloadPreload TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(htim3) ! HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}sClockSourceConfig.ClockSource TIM_CLOCKSOURCE_INTERNAL;if (HAL_TIM_ConfigClockSource(htim3, sClockSourceConfig) ! HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger TIM_TRGO_UPDATE;sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(htim3, sMasterConfig) ! HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM3_Init 2 *//* USER CODE END TIM3_Init 2 */}void HAL_TIM_Base_MspInit(TIM_HandleTypeDef* tim_baseHandle){if(tim_baseHandle-InstanceTIM3){/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM3_MspInit 0 *//* USER CODE END TIM3_MspInit 0 *//* TIM3 clock enable */__HAL_RCC_TIM3_CLK_ENABLE();/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM3_MspInit 1 *//* USER CODE END TIM3_MspInit 1 */}}void HAL_TIM_Base_MspDeInit(TIM_HandleTypeDef* tim_baseHandle){if(tim_baseHandle-InstanceTIM3){/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM3_MspDeInit 0 *//* USER CODE END TIM3_MspDeInit 0 *//* Peripheral clock disable */__HAL_RCC_TIM3_CLK_DISABLE();/* USER CODE BEGIN TIM3_MspDeInit 1 *//* USER CODE END TIM3_MspDeInit 1 */}}/* USER CODE BEGIN 1 *//* USER CODE END 1 */我一般会post全部代码 非常讨厌代码放一点点 2个字 抠搜TIM.C配置了定时器用于定时触发ADC工作好的回到ADC初始化那边 在ADC句柄参数填好后接着使用HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_ADC_Init(ADC_HandleTypeDef* hadc)进行ADC初始化然后 对通道进行了相关配置 前面提到ADC外部可接10通道所以使用时必须配置好相关通道/** Configure for the selected ADC regular channel to be converted.*/sConfig.Channel ADC_CHANNEL_2;sConfig.Rank ADC_RANK_CHANNEL_NUMBER;sConfig.SamplingTime ADC_SAMPLETIME_28CYCLES_5;if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(hadc, sConfig) ! HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/** Configure for the selected ADC regular channel to be converted.*/sConfig.Channel ADC_CHANNEL_3;if (HAL_ADC_ConfigChannel(hadc, sConfig) ! HAL_OK){Error_Handler();}/* USER CODE BEGIN ADC_Init 2 */这里使用了通道 2和3在ADC MSP初始化内 还配置了 DMA相关内容好的 这里ADC.C文件基本讲完了在main.c中加了很多变量 参数 这里就不一 一赘述了使用定时器控制时必须先开定时器 后开 ADC--------------------------------------关于HAL_ADC相关函数API读者可参见 stm32f0xx_hal_adc.c如使用HAL_ADC_StartADC的句柄 用户自定义名称后读者可以通过polling方式进行ADCd的值获取while (1){/*##-3- Start the conversion process #######################################*/if (HAL_ADC_Start(AdcHandle) ! HAL_OK){/* Start Conversation Error */Error_Handler();}/*##-4- Wait for the end of conversion #####################################*//* For simplicity reasons, this example is just waiting till the end of theconversion, but application may perform other tasks while conversionoperation is ongoing. */if (HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(AdcHandle, 10) ! HAL_OK){/* End Of Conversion flag not set on time */Error_Handler();}else{/* ADC conversion completed *//*##-5- Get the converted value of regular channel ########################*/uhADCxConvertedValue HAL_ADC_GetValue(AdcHandle);}}获取ADC采样值函数如下HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_ADC_PollForConversion(ADC_HandleTypeDef* hadc, uint32_t Timeout)除了轮训转换方式外 还有中断触发 DMA 定时器这些方式读者可根据实际情况进行调整DMA HAL apistatic void ADC_DMAConvCplt(DMA_HandleTypeDef *hdma);static void ADC_DMAHalfConvCplt(DMA_HandleTypeDef *hdma);中断 api__weak void HAL_ADC_ConvCpltCallback(ADC_HandleTypeDef* hadc)__weak void HAL_ADC_ConvHalfCpltCallback(ADC_HandleTypeDef* hadc)ADC读取值函数uint32_t HAL_ADC_GetValue(ADC_HandleTypeDef* hadc)一般需要转换完成或半完成才后 进行取值操作建议加上上面api函数状态判断想要深入学习的可以参考RM0091 MCU规格书及示例代码好的本章就先写到这里提前祝大家 国庆快乐